Mercedes-Benz Vision One-Eleven in copper-orange alubeam, studio darkness

Concepts · 2023

The doors went up again.

Carlsbad, June 2023: Gorden Wagener drove a copper-orange wedge onto a stage beside an original C111 and raised both sets of gullwings. The car was the beautiful part. The motor was the point.

It was not a motor show. On 15 June 2023, at the Mercedes-Benz International Design Center in Carlsbad, California, the company staged a design event it called Design No.5 – Creating Iconic Luxury, and put a car at the center of it that nobody could buy, then or ever.

Barely 1,170 millimeters tall, painted an orange so saturated it looks lit from inside, the Vision One-Eleven arrived with an unusually short list of specifications and an unusually long list of intentions. Mercedes never published its power, its range, its battery size, its weight or its drag coefficient. It published the height — and then talked for nine thousand words about why the car exists.

Chapter I

An icon, on purpose.

Gorden Wagener has never been shy about the ambition. “Our goal at Mercedes-Benz is not to do styling,” he said at the reveal. “Our goal is to create icons. To me, that makes the difference between mainstream design and luxury.” The two he named as ancestors — the 300 SL and the C111 — share one feature, and the new car takes it: doors hinged at the roof, opening toward the sky.

The borrowings from 1969 are specific and deliberate. The low rectangular element across the nose, with its rounded ends, is where the C111 carried a closed panel and round foglamps. The black intakes let into the hood are lifted almost directly. The C111's black lower bodyshell returns as what Mercedes calls the keel line: matte black blades running under the sills, pierced and backlit in blue so the car reads as fused to the road.

What it does not do is copy. The strongly profiled U-shaped front apron has no precedent on the old car. The gullwings have no visible release hardware at all. The side glass is opaque from outside, camouflaged in a pixel pattern. And that low front panel only looks like a grille — it is a flexible display with a three-dimensional pixel structure, able to throw a message to whoever is standing in front of the car.

“It's inspired by the C111,” Wagener told Sharp, “but it's a very modern, contemporary interpretation of that car. And this is what we do with everything. We're always looking back as a source of inspiration.”

Vision One-Eleven with both gullwing doors raised, showing the white lounge interior
Both gullwings up — the gesture the 300 SL invented and the C111 inherited. Inside, silver diamond quilting and orange leather instead of houndstooth check.

The color

Copper-orange alubeam.

Not Weissherbst. Mercedes was careful about this: the new paint is meant to reference the C111's famous orange without adopting it one-to-one — it is, in the company's own words, considerably more powerful than the original, and it changes with the light. Stand still and walk around the car and it moves from burnt copper to molten gold.

Chapter II

The motor came first.

Almost every electric car on the road uses a radial-flux motor, in which the magnetic flux crosses the air gap perpendicular to the axis of rotation. An axial-flux motor sends it parallel instead — straight through a flat stator sandwiched between two spinning discs. The consequence is startling. Mercedes claims a third of the weight and a third of the volume of a radial-flux motor of the same output.

The company did not invent it. In 2008 a doctoral student named Tim Woolmer built one with Dr Malcolm McCulloch at Oxford for the Morgan LIFEcar. Woolmer's material could only be pressed in small segments — a full ring would have needed a 4,000-ton press, while segments needed 210 tons — and in accepting that compromise he realized the stator's steel yoke was not doing any magnetic work at all. He deleted it. The company he founded in September 2009 is named after the discovery: YASA, for Yokeless And Segmented Armature.

Ferrari came to him because of packaging: for the SF90 they had about two and a half liters of space and a hard limit on crank height. Mercedes came to him and bought the company outright. Since 22 July 2021, YASA has been a wholly owned subsidiary, still in Oxford, still under its own name — one of three Mercedes R&D operations in Britain alongside the Brackley Formula 1 team and High Performance Powertrains at Brixworth, which contributed the cell chemistry for the concept's liquid-cooled cylindrical battery.

Motors
2
axial-flux, by YASA
Weight
of a radial-flux equal
Volume
of a radial-flux equal
Wholly owned
2021
Oxford, England
Vision One-Eleven wheel, its fine radial blades echoing electric motor windings
The spokes are not decoration. Mercedes drew them to echo the windings of an electric motor — the powertrain advertising itself from the outside.

“Because the flux goes straight through the stator and then around in the rotor and then back again through the stator… you don't need, magnetically, the stator yoke at all.”

Dr Tim Woolmer, founder and CTO of YASA, on the eureka moment — Carlsbad, June 2023

Chapter III

A lounge, in a supercar.

Mercedes calls it the first sports car interior with a lounge concept, and the claim rests on an engineering fact rather than a styling whim: because the motors are small, the cabin could be pushed backwards into space a mid-engined car has never had. There are two states. In race mode, the backrests come upright and a compact driver-facing touchscreen swings into view — a minimalist driving machine. In lounge mode, the seats melt into a single sculpture that runs from sill to center tunnel to luggage compartment.

The cushions sit flush in the floor, which gives the first impression of a Formula 1 tub — except that here, unlike in a racing car, the backrest angle adjusts. The upholstery is silver diamond quilting; the harness is orange and has four points.

The materials are the quiet argument. Dashboard and large surfaces are a honeycomb-textured fabric in 100 percent recycled polyester; the armrests and parcel shelf are orange leather tanned with coffee bean husks; the steering wheel spokes, the armrest straps and the floor-hinged pedals are polished aluminum.

Across the dash runs a slender pixel display, deliberately coarse, showing digital art as a rasterized stream of QR codes in the manner of an early-digital news ticker. Its glass pixels shift color with your viewing angle; the sharp version of whatever it is showing appears on the small high-resolution screen beside the wheel. Mercedes describes the whole thing carefully as a further interpretation of the MBUX Hyperscreen — not the article itself.

Vision One-Eleven cockpit: orange leather steering wheel, pixel display band, aluminum pedals
Orange leather, white honeycomb fabric, floor-hinged aluminum pedals — and a dot-matrix band where a Mercedes would normally put its instruments.

Chapter IV

What they left out.

The press release runs to thousands of words and contains a single dimension. No output, no torque, no capacity, no range, no acceleration, no top speed, no drag figure. Journalists at the launch noticed; the numbers that circulate online — a thousand-horsepower headline, a drag coefficient borrowed from the C111-III — came from nobody at Mercedes.

Even the layout is unstated. The release says only “two exceptionally powerful and advanced axial-flux motors,” and reports from the reveal disagree about where they sit. That ambiguity turns out to be the design. Konstantin Neiss, who runs electric drive unit development and chairs YASA, explained that the car was conceived to work either with central motors or with motors in the wheels: “That's why the Vision is shown this way. It kind of implies we have two options, similar to the C111 where we had the Wankel engine technology and the diesel engine technology.”

Which is the most faithful thing about it. The C111 was never one car either — it was a body that different powertrains took turns inhabiting, first a rotary, then a turbodiesel, finally a twin-turbo V8. Fifty-four years later Mercedes built another beautiful shell and declined, on principle, to say what was underneath.

Rear of the Vision One-Eleven, its full-width panel showing 111 in red pixels
The tail repeats the front: one full-width display, the same coarse pixel structure, this time in red. The keel line glows blue beneath the diffuser.

The only dimension Mercedes published

1,170mm

Roof height. For scale: the C111-II of 1970 stood 1,120 mm tall. Half a century of crash structures, batteries and pedestrian regulations, and the homage came out five centimeters higher than the original.

Oxford to Marienfelde.

The concept was one frame of a much longer film — a doctoral project that became a company, then a subsidiary, then a production powertrain.

  1. 2008

    Morgan LIFEcar

    Tim Woolmer, then a doctoral student, builds his axial-flux motor with Dr Malcolm McCulloch at Oxford. The prototype makes 27 bhp and weighs 20 kg.

  2. 2009

    YASA founded

    Incorporated that September to commercialize the idea. The name is the design: Yokeless And Segmented Armature.

  3. 2021

    Mercedes buys it

    On 22 July, YASA becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Mercedes-Benz AG, keeping its brand, team and Oxford site.

  4. 2023

    Vision One-Eleven

    The technology finally gets a body worth looking at — and a name borrowed from 1969.

  5. 2025

    Nardò, again

    The Concept AMG GT XX runs three axial-flux motors past 40,000 km in seven days at the same bowl the C111 used.

  6. 2026

    Series production

    The AMG GT 4-Door Coupé becomes the first production EV with three axial-flux motors. They are built in Berlin-Marienfelde.

Epilogue

Back to Nardò.

Markus Schäfer, the technology chief, had set the terms in Carlsbad. “Best case, the whole car goes into series production,” he said, “but my minimum requirement is the components will go into series cars.” He got considerably more than the minimum.

In August 2025 the Concept AMG GT XX, running three axial-flux motors, went to the speed bowl at Nardò — the same twelve-kilometer circle where a C111 with a taxi engine had rewritten the diesel record book in 1976 — and covered more than 40,000 kilometers in seven days and thirteen hours, taking 25 long-distance records. The following year the Mercedes-AMG GT 4-Door Coupé became the first series-production electric car with three axial-flux motors, two at the rear axle and one at the front, and the motors began coming off a line at Berlin-Marienfelde exactly as promised at the reveal.

Nardò 2025
40,000
km, non-stop
Duration
7 d
and 13 hours
Records
25
long-distance
Production
3
axial-flux motors

The Vision One-Eleven itself remains a single copper-orange object, shown at Pebble Beach and at the IAA in Munich and then parked in a studio on Odeonsplatz. It was never going to be sold, any more than the car it was named for. But it did the older car's job exactly: it made an engineering argument beautiful enough that people wanted to look at it, and then the argument went to work.

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